塑性加工における形状予測技術の研究
■機械金属部 新谷隆二 高野昌宏
大きな変形を伴う塑性加工では成形後の形状予測が難しく，所望の形状を得るために実物での試作を繰返し，コスト及び時間を多く費やしている。また，CAE(コンピュータ援用エンジニアリング)においても塑性領域を含む解析は，材料モデルや境界条件の設定が明確でなく，解析を繰返し行い実験結果と合わせこみを行っている。本研究では，複雑な塑性加工の形状予測を迅速に行うことを目的に，カーリング加工及び円筒深絞り加工を例として，塑性加工解析における有限要素法の材料モデル及び要素モデルの適正について検討した。
その結果，カーリング加工の解析では，多直線近似の材料モデルを用いた場合が一番実験結果に近い形状を示した。また，解析には可能な限り2次元モデルを利用することで計算時間を短くできる。
キーワード: 塑性加工，形状予測，有限要素法，CAE
Study on Shape Prediction in Plastic Forming
Ryuji SHINTANI and Masahiro TAKANO
It is difficult to predict the shape to be formed in plastic forming that involves a large transformation. To obtain the desired shape for commercial product, many trials are repeated; the process is both expensive and time-consuming. Computer-aided engineering is also difficult to use for processing materials with elasticity and plasticity because the material model and boundary condition are not clearly defined. Therefore, analyses are repeated under different conditions until the computed result conforms to the experimental result. In this study, for the purpose of performing shape prediction in complicated plastic forming, different material and element models were examined in the analysis of the finite element method in the case of a curling process and a cylindrical deep drawing.
As a result, it was confirmed that the multi-linear elastic-plastic material model, which was considered to be the strain-rate dependent, showed the shape most similar to the experimental result in the analysis of the curling process. The calculation time for the two-dimensional model is shorter than that for the three-dimensional solid and shell models in the analysis of the deep drawing.
Keywords : plastic forming, shape prediction, finite element method, computer-aided engineering
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